Handel's Messiah: Lyrics and Verse References (2024)

Back in 2015, I visited Handel’s home in London to see the rooms where he composed. While I was there I spoke with Dr. Ruth Smith, a Cambridge scholar on Handel. She explained that the lyrics (the libretto) were not written by Handel himself, but that they are simply Scripture texts arranged by Handel’s friend, Charles Jennens.

[ Listen to the full podcast interview here. ]

In a time of rising secularism and humanism in England, Jennens was a member of the “Society for the Propagation of the Gospel” and a passionate evangelical believer. He believed that putting the gospel to music would communicate its truth, not just intellectually, but at a deep heart level.

This libretto was made up entirely of Old and New Testament texts combined to present the entire Christian message in a single piece. When it was finished he took it to his friend, the great composer, George Handel.

For 18 months the libretto sat on Handel’s shelf gathering dust until one day he took it down, dusted it off, and in three intense weeks, shut up in his flat on Brook Street, composed the oratorio that made the words come alive. He barely ate or slept; he was completely engulfed in the creation of this music—and he wasn’t alone. When he got to the Hallelujah chorus, his assistant found him in tears, saying, “I think I did see heaven open, and the very face of God.”

Handel’s Messiah captures the deep emotion of the story of our redemption. For your own copy of the 2-disc collection, I recommend you get a copy from Haven here. Below, you can view the lyrics that make up this extraordinary piece of Scripture set to music.

[ Download a short printable version of the verse references here. ]

Note: The text was set by Handel and differ from the King Jame’s Version in various places.

PART 1

1. Sinfonia – (Instrumental)

2. Accompagnato (Tenor) – “Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God. Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem, and cry unto her, that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned. The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make straight in the desert a highway for our God.” (Isaiah 40, vv.1–3)

3. Air (Tenor) – “Ev’ry valley shall be exalted, and ev’ry mountain and hill made low: the crooked straight and the rough places plain:” (Isaiah 40, v.4)

4. Chorus – “And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together: for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it. (Isaiah 40, v.5)

5. Accompagnato (Bass) – “Thus saith the Lord, the Lord of hosts: Yet once, a little while and I will shake the heavens and the earth, the sea, and the dry land. And I will shake all nations, and the desire of all nations shall come.” (Haggai 2, vv.6–7); “The Lord, whom ye seek, shall suddenly come to his temple, even the messenger of the covenant, whom ye delight in: behold, he shall come, saith the Lord of hosts.” (Malachi 3, v.1)

6. Air (Bass) – “But who may abide the day of his coming? and who shall stand when he appeareth? for he is like a refiner’s fire.” (Malachi 3, v.2)

7. Chorus – “And he shall purify the sons of Levi, that they may offer unto the Lord an offering in righteousness.” (Malachi 3, v.3)

8. Recitative (Alto) – “Behold, a virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and shall call his name Emmanuel, God with us.” (Isaiah 7, v.14; Matthew 1, v.23)

9. Air (mezzo-soprano) and Chorus – “O thou that tellest good tidings to Zion, get thee up into the high mountain. O thou that tellest good tidings to Jerusalem, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God!” (Isaiah 40, v.9); “Arise, shine, for thy light is come, and the glory of the Lord is risen upon thee.” (Isaiah 60, v.1)

10. Accompagnato (bass) – “For behold, darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the Lord shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee. And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising.” (Isaiah 60, vv.2–3)

11. Air (bass) – “The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light; and they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined.” (Isaiah 9, v.2)

12. Chorus – “For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder; and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.” (Isaiah 9, v.6)

13. Pifa Pastoral Sinfonia – (Instrumental)

14a. Recitative (soprano) – “There were shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night.” (Luke 2, v.8)

14b. Accompagnato (soprano) “And lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid.” (Luke 2, v.9)

15. Recitative (soprano) – “And the angel said unto them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people. For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.” (Luke 2, 10–11)

16. Accompagnato (soprano) – “And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying,” (Luke 2, v.13)

17. Chorus – “Chorus Glory to God in the highest, and peace on earth, good will toward men.” (Luke 2, v.14)

18. Air (soprano) – “Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: he is the righteous Saviour, and he shall speak peace unto the heathen.” (Zechariah 9, vv.9–10)

19. Recitative (mezzo-soprano) – “Then shall the eyes of the blind be opened, and the ears of the deaf unstopped. Then shall the lame man leap as an hart, and the tongue of the dumb shall sing.” (Isaiah 35, vv.5–6)

20. Duet (mezzo-soprano/soprano) – “He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: and he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and gently lead those that are with young. (Isaiah 40, v.11); “Come unto him, all ye that labour, come unto him, that are heavy laden, and he will give you rest. Take his yoke upon you, and learn of him; for he is meek and lowly of heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls.” (Matthew 11, vv.28–29)

21. Chorus – “His yoke is easy, and his burthen is light.” (Matthew 11, v.30)

PART 2

22. Chorus – “Behold the Lamb of God, that taketh away the sin of the world.” (John 1, v.29)

23. Air (mezzo-soprano) – “He was despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief. (Isaiah 53, v.3); “He gave his back to the smiters, and his cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: he hid not his face from shame and spitting.” (Isaiah 50, v.6)

24. Chorus – “Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him;” (Isaiah 53, vv.4–5)

25. Chorus – “And with his stripes we are healed.” (Isaiah 53, v.5)

26. Chorus – “All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.” (Isaiah 53, v.6)

27. Accompagnato (tenor) – “All they that see him laugh him to scorn: they shoot out their lips, and shake their heads, saying,” (Psalm 22, v.7)

28. Chorus – “He trusted in God that he would deliver him: let him deliver him, if he delight in him.” (Psalm 22, v.8)

29. Accompagnato (tenor) – “Thy rebuke hath broken his heart; he is full of heaviness. He looked for some to have pity on him, but there was no man, neither found he any to comfort him.” (Psalm 69, v.20)

30. Arioso (tenor) – “Behold, and see if there be any sorrow like unto his sorrow.” (Lamentations 1, v.12)

31. Accompagnato (tenor) – “He was cut off out the land of the living: for the transgressions of thy people was he stricken.” (Isaiah 53, v.8)

32. Air (tenor) – “But thou didst not leave his soul in hell; nor didst thou suffer thy Holy One to see corruption.” (Psalm 16, v.10)

33. Chorus – “Lift up your heads, O ye gates; and be ye lift up, ye everlasting doors; and the King of glory shall come in. Who is this King of glory? The Lord strong and mighty, the Lord mighty in battle.” (Psalm 24, vv.7–10)

34. Recitative (tenor) – “Unto which of the angels said he at any time, Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee?” (Hebrews 1, v.5)

35. Chorus – “Let all the angels of God worship him.” (Hebrews 1, v.6)

36. Air (mezzo-soprano) – “Thou art gone up on high; thou hast led captivity captive, and received gifts for men: yea, even for thine enemies, that the Lord God might dwell among them.” (Psalm 68, v.18)

37. Chorus – “The Lord gave the word: great was the company of the preachers.” (Psalm 68, v.11)

38. Air (soprano) – “How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things!” (Romans 10, v.15)

39. Chorus – “Their sound is gone out into all lands, and their words unto the ends of the world.” (Romans 10, v.18)

40. Air (bass) – “Why do the nations so furiously rage together: and why do the people imagine a vain thing? The kings of the earth rise up, and the rulers take counsel together against the Lord, and against his Anointed.” (Psalm 2, vv.1–2)

41. Chorus – “Let us break their bonds asunder, and cast away their yokes from us.” (Psalm 2, v.3)

42. Recitative (tenor) – “He that dwelleth in heaven shall laugh them to scorn: the Lord shall have them in derision.” (Psalm 2, v.4)

43. Air (tenor) – “Thou shall break them with a rod of iron; thou shall dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.” (Psalm 2, v.9)

44. Chorus – “Hallelujah: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth.” (Revelation 19, v.6); “The kingdom of this world is become the kingdom of our Lord, and of his Christ; and he shall reign for ever and ever.” (Revelation 11, v.15); “King of Kings, and Lord of Lords.” (Revelation 19, v.16) “Hallelujah!”

PART 3

45. Air (soprano) – “I know that my Redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth: And though worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God.” (Job 19, vv.25–26); “For now is Christ risen from the dead, the first fruits of them that sleep.” (I Corinthians 15, v.20)

46. Chorus – “Since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.” (I Corinthians 15, vv.21–22)

47. Accompagnato (bass) – “Behold, I tell you a mystery; we shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet:” (I Corinthians 15, vv.51–52)

48. Air (bass) – “The trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.” (I Corinthians 15, 52–53)

49. Recitative (mezzo-soprano) – “Then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written: Death is swallowed up in victory.” (I Corinthians 15, v.54)

50. Duet (mezzo-soprano/tenor) – “O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory? The sting of death is sin; and the strength of sin is the law.” (I Corinthians 15, vv.55–56)

51. Chorus – “But thanks be to God, who giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.” (I Corinthians 15, v.57)

52. Air (soprano) – “If God be for us, who can be against us?” (Romans 8, v. 31); “Who shall lay any thing to the charge of God’s elect? It is God that justifieth. Who is he that condemneth? It is Christ that died, yea rather, that is risen again, who is at the right hand of God, who makes intercession for us.” (Romans 8, vv.33–34)

53. Chorus – “Worthy is the Lamb that was slain, and hath redeemed us to God by his blood, to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and blessing. Blessing, and honour, glory, and power, be unto him that sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb for ever and ever.” (Revelation 5, vv.12–14) “Amen.”

HANDEL’S MESSIAH

You’ve never heard theMessiahlike this!

Combine the premier choral conductor of our time; the elite Cambridge Singers; the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra; and Handel’s timeless Baroque score, and you have the ultimate musical celebration for Christmas or Easter!

Every word on this 2-CD set comes from Scripture and exalts the name of Jesus! The prophetic words of Isaiah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi will help you anticipate the coming Messiah. And then, in the words of Matthew and Luke, the angels suddenly appear to the shepherds singing that familiar chorus, Glory to God in the highest!Peace on earth, good will towards men.

Handel's Messiah: Lyrics and Verse References (2024)

FAQs

What is the theological message of Handel's Messiah? ›

Handel reinforces the greatest teachings of the Bible with messages of glory and praise to the God that has allowed us to be filled with the hope that the Lord will return and create a Heaven on Earth.

What language was the Messiah written? ›

Messiah (HWV 56) is an English-language oratorio composed in 1741 by George Frideric Handel. The text was compiled from the King James Bible and the Coverdale Psalter by Charles Jennens. It was first performed in Dublin on 13 April 1742 and received its London premiere nearly a year later.

How many notes are in the Messiah? ›

NPR music commentator Miles Hoffman estimates there are roughly a quarter of a million notes in Messiah. At a little more than three weeks of 10-hour days, Hoffman said that means Handel would have had to keep a continuous pace writing 15 notes a minute.

What is GF Handel's full name? ›

George Frideric Handel, a German-born English composer of the late Baroque era, was known particularly for his operas, oratorios, and instrumental compositions. He wrote the most famous of all oratorios, Messiah (1741).

Why do people stand during Hallelujah chorus? ›

A standing tradition: Audience members usually rise to their feet when the famous "Hallelujah" chorus begins. Supposedly King George II was so moved during the London premiere of the Messiah that he stood and then everyone else in the theater followed so as not to offend him.

What is Handel's most famous piece from Messiah? ›

Hallelujah Chorus

The rousing 'Hallelujah' Chorus is one of the most famous pieces of Baroque choral music, and by far the most widely-known section of the work.

Did Handel and Bach ever meet? ›

Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frederic Handel form the twin creative peaks of the18th century. Though they were born in the same country in 1685 and knew each other's music, they never met.

Is the Hallelujah Chorus homophonic? ›

Hallelujah Chorus: Imitative polyphony

Throughout the piece, the texture switches from homophony (all voices following the same melody) to polyphony, where there are multiple melodies happening at once.

Do people still stand for the Hallelujah Chorus? ›

There is a tradition that audience members stand up for the Hallelujah chorus towards the end of Handel's Messiah and this custom is still normally observed.

Is Handel's Messiah for Christmas or Easter? ›

“Messiah,” George Frederic Handel's great oratorio, has become a ubiquitous part of Christmas celebrations worldwide — and yet it was written for Easter. Only the first third of “Messiah” is about the birth of Jesus. Part II covers the death of Christ and the third is focused on the Resurrection.

How long does it take to perform Handel's Messiah? ›

It is anticipated that the biennial tradition of Handel's Messiah performances by the Choir and Orchestra will resume in 2021. How long is Messiah? The complete oratorio is approximately two hours and 20 minutes, but with applause and two brief intermissions, it is closer to two hours and 45 minutes.

How fast did Handel write the Messiah? ›

Using a libretto by Charles Jennens (author of Saul), Handel composed Messiah between August 22 and September 14 — a period of only 24 days! The astonishing thing is that a work written in such haste should be such a consistent, peerless masterpiece.

What is the famous choral climax of Handel's Messiah? ›

The famous choral climax of Handel's Messiah is: the "Hallelujah Chorus."

Was Handel left handed? ›

Health issues. In 1737, at the age 52, Handel suffered a stroke, which caused both temporary paralysis in his right arm (he was right-handed) and some loss of his mental capabilities, preventing him from performing.

How many children did Handel have? ›

The Baroque composer and organist was 74 years old. Handel was known for being a generous man, even in death. Having never married or fathered children, his will divided his assets among his servants and several charities, including the Foundling Hospital.

What languages did Handel speak? ›

European studies blog

Though his social circles in London were mainly English-speaking, and most of his music sets English or Italian words, Handel remained German in his core.

Why did Handel write the Messiah? ›

The Bishop of London had forbidden performances of works with religious overtones on London stages so Handel decided to write a work for concert performance in a church. Handel deliberately kept the dramatic content of his Messiah understated – it was in church after all.

Why is Handel's Messiah so popular? ›

What makes this 280-year-old work so popular? For one thing, Handel knew how to write a good tune, and Messiah has plenty of them, said Brett Karlin, artistic director for the Master Chorale. “The single-most attractive quality about Messiah is its melodies,'' he said. “The piece is hit after hit after hit.

Where did Handel get the words for Hallelujah? ›

It was also the first recording of a Messiah piece to use an established choir, as all early recordings were made using temporary choirs comprised of provisional singers. Text for “Hallelujah” comes from the book of Revelation in the New Testament.

What are the three parts of Messiah? ›

Other familiar choruses include “For Unto Us a Child Is Born” (part one), “All We Like Sheep” (part two), and the concluding chorus of the entire work, “Worthy Is the Lamb” (part three).

How many times is the word HalleLUjah sung in the HalleLUjah Chorus? ›

Over the next four minutes (and change) the choir will repeat the word hallelujah 48 times, but the audience and musicians never seem to tire of it. Credit Handel's vibrant melody, but also the almost mystical power of that combination of vowels and consonants. HalleLUjah! HalleLUjah!

Who first stood for the HalleLUjah Chorus? ›

The most accepted reason is that King George II stood up during the chorus at the Messiah's 1743 London premiere.

Did Mozart know Handel? ›

It should not be thought that Mozart was previously unaware of Handel; on his own visit to London in 1764-65, only a few years after the great man's death, he had encountered works of his at court and at the pleasure gardens, and may well have heard some of his oratorios, which were still being regularly performed ...

Who is considered the best composer of all time? ›

The German composer and pianist Ludwig van Beethoven is widely regarded as the greatest composer who ever lived.

Who was a better composer Bach or Handel? ›

Bach was the great master of the polyphonic form, a fugal genius and Handel a melodist of immense power and sensitivity. The sacred output from Bach greatly outweighs that of Handel although he composed only one full Mass in B minor.

What time signature is Handel's Messiah? ›

Handel implements the following to create interesting rhythms : hemiola rhythms shift the emphasis on the usual downbeat so that the music feels as if it has changed time signature and is now three bars of 2/4 or one of 6/4.

Is Hallelujah Chorus fast or slow? ›

Hallelujah Chorus (from Handel's Messiah) is a song by George Frideric Handel with a tempo of 99 BPM. It can also be used double-time at 198 BPM. The track runs 4 minutes and 5 seconds long with a D key and a major mode. It has average energy and is not very danceable with a time signature of 4 beats per bar.

Do oratorios have arias? ›

Like most operas, an oratorio includes the use of a choir, soloists, an instrumental ensemble, various distinguishable characters, and arias.

What year did Handel write the Messiah? ›

Historical Perspective on Messiah Performances. George Frideric Handel wrote Messiah in the late summer of 1741, when his future as a composer was in real jeopardy. The opera ventures he instituted, and which had thrived for nearly two decades, were waning in popularity and about to fail.

What is the correct distinction between a chorus and a choir? ›

A choir refers to a group of singers, but a chorus may include dancers or actors. The two terms share some meanings but are not interchangeable. For example, chorus can refer to the refrain of a song, but choir can't. Both words can refer to groups of people or animals.

Where was Handel's Messiah first performed? ›

The premiere of Handel's „Messiah“ One of the glories of German music, Handel's oratorio “Messiah” was first performed in Dublin at the New Music Hall in Fishamble Street at noon on April 13th 1742.

Why is Messiah so popular in Britain and America today? ›

Why is Messiah so popular in England and America today? It is sung in English. The first part is appropriate for the Christmas season. It combines vocal soloists, chorus, and orchestra.

How many songs are in Handel's Messiah? ›

Handel's Messiah is an oratorio in three parts with 53 separate movements. Each movement is listed below with a link to where that movement begins in the performance by The Tabernacle Choir and Orchestra at Temple Square with renowned guest soloists as streamed on Good Friday, April 10, 2020.

Why did Handel write the Messiah? ›

The Bishop of London had forbidden performances of works with religious overtones on London stages so Handel decided to write a work for concert performance in a church. Handel deliberately kept the dramatic content of his Messiah understated – it was in church after all.

What is Handel's most famous piece from Messiah? ›

Hallelujah Chorus

The rousing 'Hallelujah' Chorus is one of the most famous pieces of Baroque choral music, and by far the most widely-known section of the work.

What is a musical play that is based on a biblical story or scripture However there are no props costumes or scenery used? ›

oratorio, a large-scale musical composition on a sacred or semisacred subject, for solo voices, chorus, and orchestra. An oratorio's text is usually based on scripture, and the narration necessary to move from scene to scene is supplied by recitatives sung by various voices to prepare the way for airs and choruses.

Why is Handel's Messiah so popular? ›

What makes this 280-year-old work so popular? For one thing, Handel knew how to write a good tune, and Messiah has plenty of them, said Brett Karlin, artistic director for the Master Chorale. “The single-most attractive quality about Messiah is its melodies,'' he said. “The piece is hit after hit after hit.

Why do people stand during HalleLUjah? ›

A standing tradition: Audience members usually rise to their feet when the famous "Hallelujah" chorus begins. Supposedly King George II was so moved during the London premiere of the Messiah that he stood and then everyone else in the theater followed so as not to offend him.

What is unusual about Handel's Messiah? ›

Using a libretto by Charles Jennens (author of Saul), Handel composed Messiah between August 22 and September 14 — a period of only 24 days! The astonishing thing is that a work written in such haste should be such a consistent, peerless masterpiece.

Is Handel's Messiah for Christmas or Easter? ›

“Messiah,” George Frederic Handel's great oratorio, has become a ubiquitous part of Christmas celebrations worldwide — and yet it was written for Easter. Only the first third of “Messiah” is about the birth of Jesus. Part II covers the death of Christ and the third is focused on the Resurrection.

Is the HalleLUjah chorus homophonic? ›

Hallelujah Chorus: Imitative polyphony

Throughout the piece, the texture switches from homophony (all voices following the same melody) to polyphony, where there are multiple melodies happening at once.

How long does it take to perform the entire Messiah? ›

It is anticipated that the biennial tradition of Handel's Messiah performances by the Choir and Orchestra will resume in 2021. How long is Messiah? The complete oratorio is approximately two hours and 20 minutes, but with applause and two brief intermissions, it is closer to two hours and 45 minutes.

Did Handel and Bach ever meet? ›

Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frederic Handel form the twin creative peaks of the18th century. Though they were born in the same country in 1685 and knew each other's music, they never met.

Are oratorios staged? ›

However, opera is musical theatre, while oratorio is strictly a concert piece – though oratorios are sometimes staged as operas, and operas are sometimes presented in concert form.

What is the difference between an oratorio and a cantata? ›

In a similar vein to the cantata, the oratorio is a composition for vocal soloists, chorus, and orchestra. The key difference is that the oratorio is on a far grander scale with the late Baroque or Classical oratorio containing numerous recitatives and arias and lasting up to two hours.

What is the term for a song in an opera that focuses on plot and has sparse accompaniment and flexible tempo? ›

Recitative – An operatic number using speech-like melodies and rhythms, performing using a flexible tempo, to sparse accompaniment, most often provided by the basso continuo.

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